Shih-Min Hsu, Ph.D., P.E.

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. PDH Online | PDH Center 5272 Meadow Estates Drive Fairfax, VA 22030-6658 Phone & Fax: 703-988-0088 www.PDHonline.com www.PDHcenter.com An AIA/CES Registered Continuing Education Provider (#J681)

Course Outline

A power system is an interconnected network with components converting non-electrical energy continuously into the electrical form and transporting the electrical energy from generating sources to the loads/users. A power system serves one important function and that is to supply customers with electricity as economically and as reliably as possible. This course should provide a brief review for readers in the power engineering profession or serve as an introductory material for readers in a non-power engineering profession.

This course begins with an introduction to power systems. It discusses the basic structure of power systems, the fundamentals of AC circuits, mathematical notations, balanced three-phase systems, and per unit values. Then, it presents an overview of the three main components of power systems: generators, transmission lines and transformers. PART I of the course ends with the fundamentals of power factor correction and its applications. PART II continues with symmetrical components and its applications - short circuit calculations. Power flow problems are introduced and its solution techniques are discussed. This material concludes with some fundamentals on power system stability.

This course includes a multiple choice quiz at the end.

Learning Objective

Following successful completion of three modules, the student should be able to:

• Gain a quick overview of power systems;
• Have an idea of a basic structure of power systems;
• Learn fundamentals of AC (Alternating Current) circuits;
• Learn the balanced three-phase systems;
• Learn the definition of the per unit values;
• Calculate the per unit values from actual values;
• Calculate of a new per unit value with changing voltage base and/or power base;
• Learn the representation of waveforms for voltage and current;
• Learn phasor presentations of voltage and current in AC circuits;
• Learn the definitions of various powers in sinusoidal steady-state conditions;
• Distinguish the difference between the wye and delta configurations in three-phase systems;
• Learn the relationship between the line voltage/current and phase voltage/current in wye configuration;
• Learn the relationship between the line voltage/current and phase voltage/current in delta configuration;
• Understand the concept of per-phase analysis for balanced three-phase systems;
• Calculate currents/voltages in balanced three-phase systems using per-phase analysis;
• Learn the three main components of power systems, namely, generation, transmission and distribution;
• Learn the equivalent circuit of a synchronous generator in steady-state condition;
• Learn how outputs of a synchronous generator change by varying one of the two main control variables;
• Gain the knowledge of a generator reactive capability curve (Active power vs. Reactive power);
• Learn the equivalent circuit of a transmission line;
• Learn the definition of surge impedance loading (SIL);
• Understand the characteristics of transmission line when the line loading is above or below SIL;
• Gain the concept of an ideal transformer;
• Learn the equivalent circuit of a two-winding transformer;
• Learn the equivalent circuit of a three-winding transformer;
• Calculate the parameters of the two-winding transformer equivalent circuit;
• Calculate the parameters of the three-winding transformer equivalent circuit;
• Calculate current and voltage at various locations of a power system consisting generator, transfer and transmission line under normal conditions;
• Calculate current and voltage at various locations of a power system consisting generator, transfer and transmission line under three-phase (symmetrical) fault conditions;
• Understand the relationship between complex power, active power, reactive power, apparent power and power factor;
• Understand the concept of power (PQ) triangle consisting of active power, reactive, apparent power and power factor angle;
• Understand the idea of power factor correction;
• Perform the calculation of power factor correction for various considerations;
• Understand how power factor correct reduces line loading;
• Calculate the loading conditions before and after power factor correction; and
• Understand the difference between leading and lagging power factor.
  
  

Course Content

Module #2: Basic Concepts - Components of Power Systems.

Module #3: Power Factor Correction and its Applications.

References

[1] Charles A. Gross, Power System Analysis - 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1986
[2] Arthur R. Bergen and Vijay Vittal, Power Systems Analysis - 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, 2000
[3] Prabha S. Kundur, Power System Stability and Control, McGraw-Hill/EPRI, 1994
[4] "The IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms - 6th Edition," IEEE Std 100-1996

Once you finish studying the above course content you need to take a quiz to obtain the PDH credits.